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10030. Allen, R.R. and C.R. Fenster. 1986. Stubble-mulch equipment for soil and water conservation in the Great Plains.. J. Soil Water Cons. 41(1):11-16.
This article provides an excellent coverage of the history of stubble mulch equipment from 1933 to present. Starting in 1933 with Hoeme's cultivators for deep primary tillage that left clods on the ground, Noble's (1936) undercutting tiller, and in 1939, Russell and Duley began experimenting with a tiller that would cut off weeds at subsurface while leaving straw residue on the surface. This became known as stubble-mulch tillage. With the use of stubble mulch tillage came the advent of shovel press drills and eventually air-seeders.
1953. Fenster, C.R.. 1977. Conservation tillage in the Northern Plains.. J. Soil and Water Cons., Jan./Feb.:37-42.
Stubble mulching is needed to protect fallow areas from erosion. T: Average residue reduction per tillage operation.
6911. Unger, P.W.. 1968. Soil organic matter and nitrogen changes during 24 years of dryland wheat tillage and cropping practices.. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32:427-429.
T: tillage X soil N, soil OM; total N vs. SOM